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Chances are you listen to the phrase bitcoin mining and your mind begins to wander to the Western fantasy of pickaxes, dirt, and striking it rich. As it turns out, that analogy isnt too far off.
Far less glamorous but equally uncertain, bitcoin mining is performed by high-definition computers which solve complex computational math problems (read: so complex that they cannot be solved by hand). The fortune and work demanded by a computer to solve one of these problems is that the equivalent of a miner striking gold in the ground while digging in a sandbox.
The result of bitcoin mining is twofold. To begin with, when computers resolve these intricate math problems on the bitcoin network, they produce new bitcoin, not unlike when a mining operation extracts gold from the ground. And second, by solving computational math issues, bitcoin miners make the bitcoin payment network dependable and secure, by verifying its transaction information. .
Theres a good chance all that only made so much sense. In order to explain how bitcoin mining works in detail, lets begin with a process thats a tiny bit closer to home: the regulation of printed currency.
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Consumers tend to anticipate printed currencies, at least in the United States. Feeling because the U.S. dollar is backed by a central bank known as the Federal Reserve. In addition to a bunch of other responsibilities, the Federal Reserve modulates the production of new money and prosecutes the usage of counterfeit currency. .
Even electronic payments using the U.S. buck are backed with a central authority. When you make an online order using your debit card or charge card, for instance, that transaction is processed by a payment processing company like Mastercard or Visa. In addition to recording your transaction history, these companies verify that transactions are not fraudulent, which is one reason your debit or credit card may be suspended while traveling. .
Bitcoin, on the other hand, is not controlled by a central authority. Instead, bitcoin is endorsed by millions of computers throughout the world called miners. This network of computers plays the identical function as the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, but with a few key differences. Like the Federal Reserve, try these out Visa, and Mastercard, bitcoin miners record transactions and assess their accuracy.
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When someone makes a purchase or sale using bitcoin, we predict that a transaction. Transactions made in-store and online are documented by banks, point-of-sale methods, and bodily receipts. Bitcoin miners achieve the exact same effect with no institutions by clumping transactions together in blocks and adding them to a public document known as the blockchain. .
When bitcoin miners add a new block of transactions to the blockchain, part of the job is to ensure that these transactions are accurate. (More on the wonder of the way this happens in a second.) In particular, bitcoin miners be certain that bitcoin are not being reproduced, a unique quirk of digital currencies called double-spending.
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Once you spend $20 at the shop, that invoice is in the clerks hands. With electronic currency, however, it's a different story. .
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If the numbers were identical, the clerk could know the money had been duplicated. This analogy is similar to what a bitcoin miner does when they confirm new transactions. .
With as many as 600,000 purchases and sales occurring in a single day, nevertheless, verifying each of these transactions can be a lot of work for miners, which gets at one other crucial difference between bitcoin miners and the Federal Reserve, Mastercard, or Visa. As compensation for their efforts, miners are given bitcoin whenever they add a new block of transactions to the blockchain.
In 2009, it had been 50. In 2013, it was 25, at the time of writing it's 12.5, and sometime in the middle of 2020 it will halve to 6.25. .
At this speed of halving, the total number of bitcoin in circulation will approach a limit of 21 million, making the currency more scarce and precious over time but also more costly for miners to make.
Here is the catch. In order for bitcoin miners to actually earn bitcoin from verifying transactions, two things must happen. To begin with, they must confirm 1 megabyte (MB) worth of transactions, which can technically be as small as 1 transaction but are far more often several thousand, depending on how much information each transaction stores.